1.) Scripting language: JavaScript is a scripting language, and because of this it does not require compiling. It runs directly from a program or script. It only needs to be interpreted and there is an interpreter built into every browser.
2.) European Computer Manufacturers Association or ECMA: They release a yearly standard for the JavaScript language. JavaScript conforms to the the ECMAscript standards.
3.) Application Programming Interface or API: This is a set of procedures that access an application such as a web page or web browser. DOM and BOM are examples of API's.
4.) Document Object Model or DOM : It is an API that was created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). DOM describes how to access the contents of the web page and user actions within that page. It is used by programming languages other then JavaScript.
5.) Browser Object Model or BOM: It is also an API, and it describes how to access the features and behaviors of the browser itself. It is unlike DOM because it has not set standards and differnet browsers have their own versions of the BOM. However, the BOM is largely the same from one browser to another because it is to every developers advantage to adhere to a common standard.